什么是“非單一吸附工藝”呢？譬如：活性炭/沸石分子篩吸附+光氧/等離子/生物法/電化學(xué)等。

　　What is' non single adsorption process'? For example, activated carbon/zeolite molecular sieve adsorption+photo oxidation/plasma/biological method/electrochemistry, etc.

　　其實(shí)“單一吸附工藝”并不是一個上不了臺面“差等生”，相反，單一吸附工藝是VOCs治理行業(yè)最主要的技術(shù)，沒有之一。吸收法、微生物分解、直接燃燒法、電化學(xué)、UV光氧/等離子等等在VOCs治理行業(yè)的占比都極小。

　　In fact, the 'single adsorption process' is not a' inferior product 'that cannot be put on the table. On the contrary, the single adsorption process is the most important technology in the VOCs treatment industry, and there is no such thing as it. The proportion of absorption method, microbial decomposition, direct combustion method, electrochemistry, UV photo oxygen/plasma and other methods in the VOCs treatment industry is extremely small.

　　沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪+RTO也屬于單一吸附工藝，也是一級吸附。廢氣經(jīng)過沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪的吸附區(qū)吸附凈化之后，直接排入了煙囪，廢氣凈化效率全靠沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪吸附區(qū)的吸附能力。活性炭/沸石固定床吸附脫附+冷凝回收/CO也屬于單一吸附工藝，也是一級吸附。廢氣經(jīng)過固定床的吸附凈化之后，直接排入了煙囪，廢氣凈化效率全靠固定床的吸附能力。

　　Zeolite wheel+RTO also belongs to a single adsorption process and is also a primary adsorption. After being adsorbed and purified in the adsorption zone of the zeolite wheel, the exhaust gas is directly discharged into the chimney, and the purification efficiency of the exhaust gas depends entirely on the adsorption capacity of the zeolite wheel adsorption zone. Activated carbon/zeolite fixed bed adsorption desorption+condensation recovery/CO also belongs to a single adsorption process and is a primary adsorption. After being adsorbed and purified by a fixed bed, the exhaust gas is directly discharged into the chimney, and the purification efficiency of the exhaust gas depends entirely on the adsorption capacity of the fixed bed.

　　沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪和固定床的主要區(qū)別在于：①吸附容量不同，②脫附頻率不同。沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪平均15min脫附一次（2-6轉(zhuǎn)/h），固定床一般3-7天脫附一次。為了方便計(jì)算，取5天一次，固定床每天有效吸附時間5h，相當(dāng)于有效吸附25小時脫附一次。沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪在25個小時內(nèi)脫附的次數(shù):25×4=100。

　　The main differences between zeolite turntables and fixed beds are: ① different adsorption capacities, ② different desorption frequencies. Zeolite wheels typically desorb once every 15 minutes (2-6 revolutions per hour), while fixed beds typically desorb once every 3-7 days. For the convenience of calculation, assuming once every 5 days, the fixed bed has an effective adsorption time of 5 hours per day, which is equivalent to desorption every 25 hours of effective adsorption. The number of times the zeolite wheel desorbs within 25 hours is 100 (25 × 4=100).

　　兩者對比，固定床的吸附材料裝填量應(yīng)該是沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪吸附材料重量的100倍！“15min一次的高頻率高溫脫附工藝”是沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪的核心優(yōu)勢和制勝法寶！事物都是有兩面性，當(dāng)入口廢氣濃度長期連續(xù)穩(wěn)定在150mg/m?左右時，沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪+RTO幾乎可以在很低能耗下自持燃燒，發(fā)揮它的優(yōu)勢。當(dāng)入口廢氣濃度長期低于80mg/m?，并且排放時間不連續(xù)的情況下，“高頻脫附”就變成了沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪的缺點(diǎn)，廢氣量不足就得靠天然氣去彌補(bǔ)。

　　Comparing the two, the loading amount of adsorbent material in a fixed bed should be 100 times the weight of the zeolite rotary adsorbent material! The high-frequency and high-temperature desorption process that occurs every 15 minutes is the core advantage and winning weapon of zeolite rotors! Everything has two sides. When the inlet exhaust gas concentration remains stable at around 150mg/m ? for a long time, the zeolite wheel+RTO can almost sustain combustion at very low energy consumption, exerting its advantages. When the inlet exhaust gas concentration is consistently below 80mg/m ? and the emission time is discontinuous, "high-frequency desorption" becomes a disadvantage of zeolite rotors, and the insufficient exhaust gas volume must be compensated by natural gas.

　　沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪需要時刻保持一個“空杯狀態(tài)”，你不知道廢氣什么會來，即使是廢氣入口處安裝了濃度檢測儀，系統(tǒng)預(yù)熱時間也來不及的。15m/s的氣體流速，穿過整個轉(zhuǎn)輪僅需要眨眼的功夫。除非你的噴漆工人能忍受每次噴漆前等待半個小時。沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪不存在間歇性“只吸不脫”的待機(jī)狀態(tài)，轉(zhuǎn)輪冷卻區(qū)還有預(yù)熱廢氣的功能，換熱器升溫也沒有那么快，RTO也適應(yīng)不了“猛起猛?！?、“即開即用”的節(jié)奏。如果間歇性模式成功了，那么沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪不就變成固定床了嗎？還轉(zhuǎn)什么轉(zhuǎn)！尺有所短，寸有所長。--?戰(zhàn)國 楚 屈原《卜居》比喻事物各有短處，并非在所有情況下都適用。公元前293年古人總結(jié)的智慧，今人還在搞“一刀切”和“盲目崇拜”。環(huán)保人要盡快提升自身的批判性思維能力，才能正確應(yīng)對各種錯綜復(fù)雜的廢氣治理工況。很多企業(yè)為了獲取秋冬季節(jié)正常生產(chǎn)的資格，去評績效A級或引領(lǐng)性企業(yè)，不得不去安裝“先進(jìn)的設(shè)備”--沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪+RTO。RTO設(shè)備如果使用的不當(dāng)，不僅能耗高，而且維護(hù)成本高，維修技術(shù)難度大。

　　The zeolite wheel needs to maintain an "empty cup state" at all times, and you don't know what exhaust gas will come from. Even if a concentration detector is installed at the exhaust gas inlet, the system preheating time is too late. A gas flow rate of 15m/s can pass through the entire wheel in just the blink of an eye. Unless your spray painter can tolerate waiting for half an hour before each spray painting. The zeolite wheel does not have an intermittent standby state of "only suction and not detachment", and the cooling zone of the wheel also has the function of preheating exhaust gas. The heat exchanger does not heat up so quickly, and the RTO cannot adapt to the rhythm of "sudden start and stop" and "start and use". If the intermittent mode is successful, won't the zeolite wheel become a fixed bed? What else are you spinning! Every inch has its own strengths and weaknesses. --Chu Qu Yuan's "Bu Ju" during the Warring States period metaphorically states that things have their own shortcomings, and it is not applicable in all situations. The wisdom summarized by ancient people in 293 BC is still practiced today as a one size fits all approach and blind worship. Environmentalists need to improve their critical thinking skills as soon as possible in order to correctly respond to various complex waste gas treatment conditions. Many companies, in order to obtain the qualification for normal production in autumn and winter, have to install "advanced equipment" - zeolite wheel+RTO to evaluate their performance as A-level or leading enterprises. If RTO equipment is used improperly, it not only consumes high energy, but also has high maintenance costs and difficult repair techniques.

　　調(diào)研對象主要以醫(yī)藥化工企業(yè)為主,調(diào)研對象廢氣成分為VOCs?；ば袠I(yè)24套、醫(yī)藥行業(yè)12套、其他行業(yè)3套，共計(jì)39套。在調(diào)研的企業(yè)中,部分RTO出口濃度數(shù)據(jù)未知（說明這29家都沒有安裝在線監(jiān)測設(shè)備）,因此選取了10套數(shù)據(jù)完整的RTO對比其熱效率和凈化效率。RTO的熱效率均能維持在93%以上,凈化效率大部分超過95%,其中案例9、案例10由于RTO運(yùn)行年限長,腐蝕問題嚴(yán)重,企業(yè)沒有進(jìn)行很好的維護(hù),凈化效率下降。RTO在處理醫(yī)藥化工有機(jī)廢氣具有良好的應(yīng)用前景,但醫(yī)藥化工行業(yè)VOCs具有排放點(diǎn)分散、種類繁多、間歇排放等顯著特點(diǎn)。

　　The research subjects are mainly pharmaceutical and chemical enterprises, and the waste gas components of the research subjects are VOCs. 24 sets in the chemical industry, 12 sets in the pharmaceutical industry, and 3 sets in other industries, totaling 39 sets. Among the surveyed companies, some RTO export concentration data are unknown (indicating that these 29 companies have not installed online monitoring equipment), so 10 sets of RTOs with complete data were selected to compare their thermal efficiency and purification efficiency. The thermal efficiency of RTO can be maintained at over 93%, and the purification efficiency mostly exceeds 95%. Among them, cases 9 and 10 have a long operating life and serious corrosion problems due to poor maintenance by the enterprise, resulting in a decrease in purification efficiency. RTO has good application prospects in treating organic waste gases in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, but VOCs in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry have significant characteristics such as dispersed emission points, diverse types, and intermittent emissions.

　　因此，在應(yīng)用RTO的過程中也會存在一些問題,尤其在調(diào)研過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)醫(yī)藥化工行業(yè)的阻塞問題非常嚴(yán)重,本次調(diào)研的39套RTO中16套存在阻塞問題。在對調(diào)研結(jié)果進(jìn)行整理后,醫(yī)藥行業(yè)RTO應(yīng)用過程中發(fā)生的問題見表1。由表1可知,醫(yī)藥化工行業(yè)的大多數(shù)問題是由于廢氣組分中特定物質(zhì)濃度過高導(dǎo)致，目前沒有良好的應(yīng)對措施,只能通過加強(qiáng)預(yù)處理或在收集前對廢氣進(jìn)行分別處置。

　　Therefore, there may also be some problems in the application of RTO, especially during the research process, it was found that the blockage problem in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry is very serious. Among the 39 sets of RTO surveyed in this study, 16 sets have blockage problems. After organizing the research results, the problems that occurred during the application of RTO in the pharmaceutical industry are shown in Table 1. According to Table 1, most of the problems in the pharmaceutical and chemical industry are caused by the high concentration of specific substances in the exhaust gas components. Currently, there are no effective measures to address this issue, and the only solution is to strengthen pre-treatment or dispose of the exhaust gas separately before collection.

　　固定床吸附脫附+CO技術(shù)，也有自己的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)和適用工況。固定床吸附脫附+CO技術(shù)最大的優(yōu)勢在于其能把間歇性生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的低濃度廢氣收集起來，即開即用，定期低溫脫附。尤其適用于7-15天都吸附不飽和的工況，然后用1-3天的時間來脫附，邊吸邊脫（在線脫附）。固定床吸附脫附+CO技術(shù)最大的缺點(diǎn)在于其吸附材料的裝填量是沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪的100多倍。當(dāng)風(fēng)量大于20萬/m?時，過大的裝填量會增加企業(yè)吸附材料的更換費(fèi)用和危廢處置費(fèi)用，并且當(dāng)固定吸附床數(shù)量過多時，1臺CO爐有可能脫附不過來。吸附材料數(shù)量越多，吸附床的均風(fēng)處理難度就越大，不患寡而患不均，裝填數(shù)量越多，偷懶的吸附材料就越多。

　　The fixed bed adsorption desorption+CO technology also has its own advantages, disadvantages, and applicable working conditions. The biggest advantage of fixed bed adsorption desorption+CO technology is that it can collect low concentration waste gas generated during intermittent production processes, which can be used immediately and periodically desorbed at low temperatures. Especially suitable for working conditions where adsorption is unsaturated for 7-15 days, followed by 1-3 days for desorption, with simultaneous adsorption and desorption (online desorption). The biggest drawback of fixed bed adsorption desorption+CO technology is that its adsorption material loading is more than 100 times that of zeolite wheels. When the air volume exceeds 200000 m ?, excessive loading will increase the cost of replacing adsorption materials and hazardous waste disposal for the enterprise. Moreover, when there are too many fixed adsorption beds, one CO furnace may not be able to desorb. The more adsorbent materials there are, the more difficult it is to achieve uniform air treatment in the adsorption bed. There is no shortage but unevenness, and the more adsorbent materials are loaded, the more lazy the adsorbent materials will be.

　　第二大缺點(diǎn)在于固定吸附床僅適合處理低濃度廢氣，最好是廢氣入口濃度低于150mg/m?。如果廢氣入口濃度過高，CO爐就需要連續(xù)運(yùn)行，這樣的話，CO爐節(jié)能的優(yōu)勢就沒有發(fā)揮出來。既然要連續(xù)運(yùn)行，那么干脆上沸石轉(zhuǎn)輪+CO吧。目前一線的蜂窩活性炭廠家建議1萬風(fēng)量裝填2m?蜂窩活性炭，裝填8層。柱狀活性炭的裝填量更大，風(fēng)阻更高，克服吸附床1500Pa的阻力消耗的電能也是一個巨大的浪費(fèi)。蜂窩沸石廠家提供的數(shù)據(jù)更是嚇人，1m?蜂窩沸石動態(tài)吸附二甲苯的重量不足8kg，僅僅相當(dāng)于自身重量的1.5~2%。因地制宜，對癥下藥，是一名合格的、負(fù)責(zé)任的環(huán)保工程師必備的技能。“運(yùn)籌帷幄之中，決勝千里之外”，項(xiàng)目前期先進(jìn)的環(huán)保技術(shù)方案的選擇尤其重要，假如您的企業(yè)VOCs環(huán)保設(shè)備投資在100萬以上，就非常需要一份量身定制的專業(yè)性的方案。

　　The second major drawback is that fixed adsorption beds are only suitable for treating low concentration exhaust gases, preferably with an inlet concentration of less than 150mg/m ?. If the concentration of exhaust gas at the inlet is too high, the CO furnace needs to operate continuously, and the energy-saving advantages of the CO furnace will not be fully utilized. Since we want to run continuously, why don't we just use a zeolite wheel and CO. At present, first-line honeycomb activated carbon manufacturers recommend filling 2m ? of honeycomb activated carbon with 8 layers at a wind volume of 10000. The loading capacity of columnar activated carbon is larger, and the wind resistance is higher. Overcoming the 1500Pa resistance of the adsorption bed consumes a huge amount of electricity, which is also a huge waste. The data provided by the manufacturer of honeycomb zeolite is even more alarming. The weight of 1m ? honeycomb zeolite dynamically adsorbing xylene is less than 8kg, which is only 1.5~2% of its own weight. Adapting measures to local conditions and prescribing targeted solutions are essential skills for a qualified and responsible environmental engineer. The selection of advanced environmental protection technology solutions in the early stages of a project is particularly important, as' victory can be achieved from a thousand miles away through strategic planning '. If your enterprise invests more than 1 million yuan in VOCs environmental protection equipment, it is in great need of a tailored and professional solution.

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